The kit uses a novel probe (HPF) with excellent sensitivity and specificity to detect peroxynitrite in live cells and animals. The probe readily passes the blood-brain-barrier for neurological assessment.
Figure 1. (a) Fluorescent responses of NP3 (5 μM) toward various analytes (10 μM). Data shown represent fluorescent intensity at 470nm, 30 min after addition of the analytes. (b) ONOO− (final 10 μM) was quickly injected into a solution of NP3 (final 5μM), and the fluorescent intensity at 470 nm was plotted against time. (c) Fluorescence enhancement of NP3 (5μM) at 470 nm as a function of ONOO− (0−10 μM) after 15 min of reaction. All data acquired in PBS (10 mM, pH 7.4) with excitation at 375 nm.
Peroxynitrite (ONOO- ) is produced via a diffusion reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Endogenous Peroxynitrite is toxic to cells and affects mitochondrial function that can trigger cell death through nitration and oxidation reactions, however Peroxynitrite is also cytotoxic to invading pathogens. At the biochemical level, peroxynitrite is involved in protein, lipids and DNA modification via oxidation and nitration reactions. Protein modification can lead to chemical and physical changes of protein properties. Furthermore, DNA modification can lead to DNA strand breaks and cell death (apoptosis). Peroxynitrite modification of lipids can modulate lipid-protein adducts formation. Generation of peroxynitrite is attributed to pathogenic conditions in diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, chronic inflammation, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction and cancer. Redox related injuries are also related to peroxynitrite production like ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant it reacts at a relative slow rate and can diffuse over a long range as far as on a cellular scale. These properties of peroxynitrite make it an interesting candidate for novel therapeutic interventions.
We introduce HPF, a novel probe developed by Dr. Xin Li et.al at the Zhejian University, Hangzhou China. HPF exhibits excellent sensitivity and specificity to peroxynitrite in live cells and animals and can readily pass the blood brain barrier.
Fluorescence plate reader
For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
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